En México, el tomate es uno de los alimentos más importantes dentro de la canasta básica y también uno de los más antiguos que se ha venido cultivando. Se estima que la domesticación del tomate fue desde los pueblos mesoamericanos, y fueron los pueblos mexicas, mayas y aztecas los que mejoraron la planta y la incorporaron en su alimentación.
Centéotl A. C. impulsa, por medio de uno de sus ejes estratégicos, el cuidado del medio ambiente a través de prácticas sustentables en el desarrollo de actividades agroecológicas, teniendo como base la alimentación saludable, de tal manera que el consumo del tomate es ideal dentro de la alimentación cotidiana de millones de personas; aquí radica la importancia de la preservación de este fruto, más conocido como verdura por su uso en la cocina.
La variedad de tomate en el estado de Oaxaca es amplia; sin embargo, algunos de los más cultivados y cosechados son:
- Jitomate Riñón
- Jitomate Bola
- Tomate de hoja o tomate verde
- Jitomate de rama
- Jitomate cherry
- Jitomate perita (Roma)
El cultivo de tomate en Oaxaca se concentra principalmente en los Valles Centrales, donde existen tanto producciones tradicionales como modernas en invernadero. La producción incluye el tomate Riñón, tipo bola y jitomates criollos con variedades silvestres. La investigación y apoyo a los productores locales se enfocan en la producción agroecológica para la mejora de la calidad, rendimiento y la conservación de los tomates ancestrales.
El CDCA al rescate del tomate en la región
En la actualidad se está desarrollando un tipo de tomate que no contiene semillas, y a su vez esto preocupa a los productores, pues si se llega a perder el tomate con semilla, todos dependeremos de las instituciones que producen este tipo de tomate para poder adquirir semillas para siembra y consumo. En este sentido, el Centro Demostrativo y Capacitación Agroecológica (CDCA) se ha dado la tarea de recuperar el tomate criollo.
En los últimos años, las producciones alternativas de alimentos avanzan en extensión y diversidad, logrando abaratar costos y garantizar la provisión de cultivos sin aditivos; esta es una de las principales misiones del método agroecológico en materia del cultivo de tomate.
Los principales motivos para seleccionar y consumir tomate agroecológico son:
- La mejora de sabor, más aroma y consistencia.
- Son más sanos porque no tienen insumos químicos.
- El cultivo sin agroquímicos protege el suelo y evita la contaminación del agua.
- Utiliza abonos naturales. Incorpora estiércol animal, compost y nutrientes naturales del sustrato.
- Contribuye al desarrollo de la producción agroecológica en general, que otorga beneficios para productores y comunidades cercanas.
Hacer agroecología va más allá de producir sin químicos, es hacer conciencia de cuidar y preservar los cultivos de una forma sostenible.
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